Civil Defence in India traces its origination to the period of World War - II. During
the war several Indian Cities faced the threat of Aerial Attack. To protect the civilian
population and vital installation an emergency measure was introduced under Civil Defence
Department focusing Air Raid Precaution, Blackout Measures, evacuating civil population,
extinguishing Fire and administering First Aid etc.
After Independence, in view of the ensuing threat to this country, particularly during
1962 Chinese aggression, 1965 Indo-Pakistan Conflict, the need for structured and statutory
framework was felt. This results the enactment of Civil Defence Act, 1968.
At the time of inception, the aim of all Civil Defence measures is to protect the human
life and property and to maintain continuity of production thus minimizes the effect of enemy
action on man and material. Following amendment on Civil Defence Act in 2009 mitigating
adverse effects of disaster became an integral component of the Civil Defence activities while
retaining its primary role.
As per the Civil Defence Act, 1968, “Civil Defence” includes any measures,
not amounting to actual combat, for affording protection to any person, property, place or
thing in India or any part of the territory thereof against any hostile attack, whether from air,
land, sea or other places, or, for depriving any such attack of the whole or part of its effect,
whether such measures are taken before, during, at or after the time of such attack or any
measure taken for the purpose of disaster management, before, during, at, or after any
disaster.”