3. Fire :

• Buy Fireworks from the licensed shop. Keep fireworks in a closed box
• Store crackers away from source of fire or inflammation Follow all safety precautions issued with the fire works
• Go to open spaces like playgrounds, fields Light them at arm’s length using a taper. Stand back while lighting the crackers Discard used fireworks in a bucket of water
• Keep buckets of water and blankets ready, in case a firebreak out. Wear thick cotton clothes for maximum safety from fire.
• If clothes catch fire, Stop, Drop and Roll
• In case of uncontrolled fire wrap the victim in a blanket, till it stops.
• In case of burns splash tap water (not ice water), the process may be repeated till the burning sensation reduces.
• If fingers or toes are burned, separate them with dry, sterile, non-adhesive dressings. Make sure the burn victim is breathing, if breathing has stopped or if the victim’s airway is blocked then open the airway and if necessary, begin rescue breathing.
• Elevate the burned area and protect it from pressure and friction.
• Cover the area of the burn with a moist sterile bandage, of clean cloth (do not use blanket or towel for healing burns).
• Consult the doctor as soon as possible for the proper medication Consult an ophthalmologist immediately in case of eye injuries.
• Do contact at the Fire Brigade (Tel. No. 101), for getting the details of the doctors on duty during the festival.

• Don’t burn crackers in crowded, congested places, narrow lanes or inside the house. Don’t let children burst crackers unaccompanied by an adult
• Don’t put fireworks in your pocket or throw them
• Don’t cover crackers with tin containers or glass bottles for extra sound effect
• Don’t dare to examine unburst crackers…leave it!! Light a new cracker
• Don’t show the Dare-devilry of lighting crackers on own hands
• Don’t use fireworks inside a vehicle
• Avoid long loose clothes, as they are fast in catching fire
• Don’t remove burnt clothing (unless it comes off easily), but do ensure that the victim is not still in contact with smoldering materials.
• Don’t apply adhesive dressing on the burnt area. Don’t break the burst blister.

4. Flood :

• There is a possibility of spread of water borne diseases after flood, and hence medical treatment should be taken immediately.
• Do not enter deep, unknown waters.
• Do not go near the riverbank even after the floodwater has receded. Sprinkle medicines in the stagnant dirty water.
• Inspect your house for any cracks or other damage. Check all the walls, floor, ceiling, doors and windows, so that any chance of house falling down can be known and you can be aware about the immediate danger.
• If the floodwater has entered the house or has surrounded the house, then it is advisable not to enter such house.
• Keep listening to weather forecast on radio and television. Move to your residence only when instructed by the competent authority. It is not safe to believe that the problems have ended after the flood water have receded
• Inform the competent authority/officer for restoration of the necessary connections like gas, electricity, telephone, drainage, etc.
• Beware of the various insects or poisonous snakes that may have been dragged inside the house along with the floodwater.
• Destroy the food commodities that have been affected by floodwater.
• Check properly all the electric circuits, floor level furnace, boilers, gas cylinders, or electric equipment like motor pump etc. Check whether any inflammable or explosive item has not entered along with the floodwater.
• Switch off the main electric supply, if any damage is noticed to the electric equipment. If you find any breakage in the drainage system stop using latrines and do not use tap water.
• Do not use polluted water.
• Sewerage system should be checked and any damage should be repaired immediately so as to curtail spread of diseases.
• Empty the water clogged in the basement slowly with help of water pump so that damage to infrastructure can be minimized
• Check gas leakage which can be known by smell of gas or by hearing the sound of leakage; immediately open all windows and leave the house.
• Boil drinking water before usage and drink chlorinated water. Eat safe food.
• Rescue work should be undertaken immediately after flood situation as per the instruction. Do not follow any shortcut for rescue work.
• Do not try to leave the safe shelter to go back home until the local officials declare normalcy after flood and instruction to return home are not given.

5. Tsunami :

• Be familiar with the tsunami warning signals. People living along the coast should consider an earthquake or a sizable ground rumbling as a warning signal. A noticeable rapid rise or fall in coastal waters is also a sign that a tsunami is approaching. Make sure all family members know how to respond to a tsunami. Make evacuation plans. Pick an inland location that is elevated.
• After an earthquake or other natural disaster, roads in and out of the vicinity may be blocked, so pick more than one evacuation route.
• Teach family members how and when to turn off gas, electricity, and water Children should be taught in advance about the evacuation plans
• Prepare emergency kit beforehand. The emergency kit should contain Flashlight and extra batteries, battery-operated radio and extra batteries, First aid kit Emergency food and water, essential medicines etc.

• Listen to a radio or television to get the latest emergency information, and be ready to evacuate if asked to do so.
• If you hear a tsunami warning, move at once to higher ground and stay there until local authorities say it is safe to return home.
• Move in an orderly, calm and safe manner to the evacuation site
• Stay away from the beach. Never go down to the beach to watch a tsunami come in. If you can see the wave you are too close to escape it.
• Return home only after authorities advise it is safe to do so.

• Stay tuned to a battery-operated radio for the latest emergency information. Help injured or trapped persons.
• Stay out of damaged buildings. Return home only when authorities say it is safe. Enter your home with caution. Use a flashlight/torch when entering damaged buildings. Check for electrical shorts and live wires.
• Do not use appliances or lights until an electrician has checked the electrical system. Open windows and doors to help dry the building.
• Shovel mud while it is still moist to give walls and floors an opportunity to dry. Check food supplies and test drinking water.
• Fresh food that has come in contact with flood waters may be contaminated and should be thrown out.

6. Landslide :

Do’s

• Stay away from the slide area. There may be danger of additional slides.
• Check for injured and trapped persons near the slide area. Give first aid if trained.
• Remember to help your neighbours who may require special assistance--infants, elderly people, and people with disabilities.
• Listen to a radio or television for the latest emergency information.
• Stay away from the slide area. There may be danger of additional slides.
• Check for damaged utility lines. Report any damage to the utility company
• Check the building foundation, chimney, and surrounding land for damage
• Replant damaged ground as soon as possible since erosion caused by loss of ground cover can lead to flash flooding.
• Prepare tour to hilly region according to information given by weather department or news.
• Move away from landslide path or downstream valleys quickly without wasting time;
• Keep drains clean and inspect drains for – litter, leaves, plastic bags, rubble etc.;
• Keep the weep holes open
• Grow more trees that can hold the soil through roots;
• Listen for unusual sounds such as trees cracking or boulders knocking together;
• Stay alert, awake and active (3A’s) during the impact or probability of impact;
• Locate and go to shelters;
• Try to stay with your family and companions.

Don’ts

• Try to avoid construction and staying in vulnerable areas;
• Do not panic and loose energy by crying;
• Do not touch or walk over loose material and electrical wiring or pole;
•  Do not built houses near steep slopes and near drainage path; 
• Do not drink contaminated water directly from rivers, springs, wells but rain water if collected directly without is fine;
• Do not move an injured person without rendering first aid unless the casualty is in immediate danger.

7. Lightning :

Dos during Lightning :

• Take refuge in a house. Preferably in a pucca house;
• If working outdoor or in a field without a shelter, squat to the ground level, but don’t lie down and sit in a cramped position;
• If one is in a vehicle, roll up the windows;
• Stay away from snapped electrical wires;
• Stay away from water bodies;
• Keep a safe distance from electrical wires an post;
• Avoid fishing during a thunderstorm;
• Remove all electronic gadgets from the plug point;
• Stay away from roof-tops, windows and balcony;
• Have proper earthing in your house.

• Don’t take shelter under a tree. Keep a safe distance of at least 13 feet from trees.
• Don’t use electrical and electronic gadgets.

8. Cold Wave :

Do’s and Don’ts in Cold Wave:

Before

• Listen to the radio; watch TV, read newspapers for local weather forecast to know if a cold wave is round the corner.
• Stock adequate winter clothing. Multiple layers of clothing are more helpful.
• Keep emergency supplies ready.
• An increased likelihood of various illnesses like flu, running/ stuffy nose or nosebleed, which usually set in or get aggravated due to prolonged exposure to cold. Consult the doctor for symptoms like these.​​

During

• Follow weather information and emergency procedure information closely and act as advised.
• Stay indoors as much as possible and minimize travel to prevent exposure to cold wind.
• Wear multiple layers of loose fitting, lightweight, windproof warm woolen clothing rather than one layer of heavy clothing. Tight clothing reduces blood circulation.
• Keep yourself dry. If wet, then cover your head, neck, hands and toes adequately as the majority of heat loss occurs through these body parts.
• Prefer mittens over gloves. Mittens provide more warmth and insulation from cold, as fingers share their warmth and expose less surface area to the cold.
• Use hats and mufflers to prevent heat loss, Wear insulated / waterproof shoes.
• Eat healthy food to maintain the equilibrium of body temperature
• Drink hot fluids regularly, as this will maintain body heat to fight cold.
• Take care of elderly people and children and check on neighbors who live alone, especially the elderly about their well-being.
• Store essential supply as per requirement. Store adequate water as pipes may freeze.
• Follow the guide on heat insulation for non-industrial buildings and take necessary preparedness measures.
• Watch out for symptoms of frostbite like numbness, white or pale appearance on fingers, toes, earlobes and the tip of the nose, while exposed to cold waves.
• Treat the areas affected by frostbite in warm (not hot) water (the temperature should be comfortable to touch for unaffected parts of the body).
• Do not ignore shivering. It is an important first sign that the body is losing heat and is a signal to quickly return indoors.
• Seek medical attention as soon as possible for someone suffering from Frostbite/Hypothermia.
• Move pet-animals indoors. Likewise, protect livestock or domestic animals from cold weather by moving them inside.
• Severe exposure to cold wave can lead to Hypothermia – a decrease in body temperature which can cause shivering, difficulty in speaking, sleepiness, stiff muscles, heavy breathing, weakness and/or loss of consciousness. Hypothermia is a medical emergency that needs immediate medical attention.
• Consult doctor for symptoms like various illnesses, running/stuffy nose particularly during the period of COVID -19.

In the case of hypothermia

Dos

• Get the person into a warm place and change clothes.
• Warm the person’s body with skin-to-skin contact, dry layers of blankets, clothes, towels, or sheets.
• Give warm drinks to help increase body temperature. Do not give alcohol.
• Seek medical attention if the condition worsen​

Don’ts

• Avoid prolonged exposure to cold
• Don’t drink alcohol. It reduces your body temperature; it actually narrows your blood vessels, particularly those in the hands, which can increase the risk of hypothermia.
• Do not massage the frostbitten area. This can cause more damage.
• Do not give the affected person any fluids unless fully alert.​

9. Heat Wave :

Do’s and Don’ts in Heat Wave:

Do’s for All

• Listen to the radio; watch TV, read newspapers for local weather news;
• Drink sufficient waters- even if not thirsty.
• Use ORS (Oral Rehydration Solution), homemade drinks like Lassi, lemon water, butter milk etc. to keep yourself hydrated.
• Wear lightweight, light-colored, loose, cotton clothes;
• Cover your head: Use a cloth, hat or umbrella;
• Stay indoor as much as possible;
• Keep your home cool, use curtains, shutters or sunshade and open windows at night;
• Use fan, damp clothing and take bath in cold water frequently;
• Keep animals in shade and give them plenty of water to drink.

Do’s for Employers and Workers

• Provide cool drinking water near work place;
• Schedule strenuous jobs to cooler times of the day;
• Increase the frequency and length of rest breaks for outdoor activities;
• Pregnant workers and workers with a medical condition should be given additional attention.

Don’ts

• Avoid going out in the sun, especially during midday;
• Avoid strenuous activities when outside in the midday;
• Do not go out barefoot;
• Avoid alcohol, tea, coffee and carbonated soft drinks, which dehydrates the body;
• Avoid high-protein food and do not eat stale food
• Do not leave children or pets in parked vehicles- as they may get affected by Heat Wave.